Dr. Sasmita Das

Acute Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye): Causes, Symptoms & Prevention

Introduction

Acute conjunctivitis is a common eye condition characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva—the thin, transparent membrane covering the white part of the eye and inner eyelids. It is often referred to as “pink eye” due to the reddish appearance of the eye.

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Causes

Acute conjunctivitis can be caused by:

Viral infections

• Most common cause

• Often associated with colds (e.g., adenovirus)

  Bacterial infections

• Caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus or Streptococcus

• Produces pus-like discharge

  Allergic reactions

• Triggered by pollen, dust, smoke

• Not contagious

  Irritants

• Chemicals, chlorine in pools, or foreign particles

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Symptoms

Common symptoms include:

• Redness in the white of the eye
• Itching or burning sensation
• Excessive tearing
• Discharge (watery or thick yellow/green)
• Crusting of eyelids, especially in the morning
• Swelling of eyelids
• Sensitivity to light (in some cases)

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Mode of Transmission

• Highly contagious (especially viral and bacterial types)

  Spread through:

• Direct contact with infected eye secretions
• Sharing towels, pillows, cosmetics

• Touching eyes with contaminated hands

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  Diagnosis

• Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on:
• Symptoms
• Eye examination

• Sometimes laboratory tests (in severe or recurrent cases)

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  Treatment

• Viral conjunctivitis: Usually self-limiting; resolves in 1–2 weeks
• Bacterial conjunctivitis: Treated with antibiotic eye drops/ointments

• Allergic conjunctivitis: Managed with antihistamines and avoiding allergens

  General care:

• Clean eye discharge with sterile cotton
• Apply cold compress for relief

• Avoid touching or rubbing eyes

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  Prevention

• Preventing acute conjunctivitis is very important, especially during outbreaks.

  A. Personal Hygiene

• Wash hands frequently with soap and water
• Avoid touching or rubbing eyes

• Use clean tissues or handkerchiefs

  Avoid Sharing Personal Items

• Do not share towels, pillows, eye cosmetics, or contact lenses

  Eye Care

• Remove makeup before sleeping
• Clean contact lenses properly

• Avoid using expired eye products

  Environmental Measures

• Protect eyes from dust and pollutants

• Wear protective glasses if needed

  During Infection

• Stay home to prevent spreading (especially children)
• Avoid close contact with others

• Dispose of contaminated items properly

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  Complications (Rare)

• Corneal involvement
• Blurred vision
• Chronic infection (if untreated)

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Conclusion

Acute conjunctivitis is a common but usually mild condition. While it can spread easily, simple hygiene practices and early care can effectively prevent and control the infection. Awareness and proper eye care play a key role in reducing its spread.