Dr. Sasmita Das

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a chronic eye condition in which increased intraocular pressure (eye pressure) damages the optic nerve, leading to gradual and irreversible vision loss. It is often called the “silent thief of sight” because most patients do not experience symptoms in the early stages.

Early diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial to prevent permanent vision damage.

How Is Glaucoma Treated?

The primary goal of glaucoma treatment is to lower eye pressure and protect the optic nerve. Common treatment options include:

• Eye drops
• Laser treatment
• Surgery (for advanced cases)

Laser treatment is often recommended when eye drops are not sufficient, not well tolerated, or as an initial treatment in selected patients.

What Is Glaucoma Laser Treatment?

Glaucoma laser treatment is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a focused laser beam to improve fluid drainage from the eye or reduce fluid production, thereby lowering eye pressure.

It is performed as an outpatient procedure and does not require hospital admission.

Types of Glaucoma Laser Treatment

1. Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT)
SLT is the most commonly used laser treatment for open-angle glaucoma.

• Improves fluid drainage through the trabecular meshwork
• Can be used as first-line treatment or along with eye drops
• Painless and repeatable
• Minimal side effects

2. Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI)
LPI is used for angle-closure glaucoma or eyes with narrow angles.

• Creates a tiny opening in the iris
• Helps fluid circulate normally within the eye
• Prevents sudden spikes in eye pressure

3. Cyclophotocoagulation (CPC)
CPC is used in advanced or resistant glaucoma cases.

• Reduces fluid production inside the eye
• Typically reserved for difficult-to-control glaucoma

How Is Laser Treatment for Glaucoma Performed?

Glaucoma laser treatment is:

• Performed under topical anaesthesia (eye drops)
• Painless and quick, usually taking 5–10 minutes
• Done as a day-care procedure
• Does not require stitches or injections

Patients can return home the same day and resume normal activities shortly after.

Benefits of Glaucoma Laser Treatment

• Effective reduction of eye pressure
• Minimally invasive and safe
• Reduced dependence on long-term eye drops
• Quick recovery
• Can delay or avoid surgery in many patients

Is Glaucoma Laser Treatment Safe?

Yes. Glaucoma laser treatment is a safe and well-established procedure when performed by an experienced ophthalmologist. Mild redness or a temporary rise in eye pressure may occur, which is usually short-lived and managed with medications.

Who Is a Good Candidate for Glaucoma Laser Treatment?

Laser treatment may be recommended if:

• Eye pressure is not adequately controlled with medications
• Glaucoma eye drops are not well tolerated
• Compliance with daily eye drops is poor
• As an initial treatment in early glaucoma (especially SLT)

A detailed eye examination is essential to determine the most appropriate treatment.

Does Laser Treatment Cure Glaucoma?

No. Glaucoma is a lifelong condition. Laser treatment helps control eye pressure but does not cure glaucoma. Regular follow-up and monitoring are necessary to preserve vision.

Conclusion

Glaucoma laser treatment is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive option to control eye pressure and protect vision. Early diagnosis, timely laser intervention, and consistent follow-up can significantly reduce the risk of permanent vision loss and help maintain a good quality of life.

If you have glaucoma or are at risk, consult your eye specialist to determine whether laser treatment is suitable for you.